Digital Logic BCA First Semester: Complete Syllabus Overview

Digital Logic BCA First Semester

Course Title: Digital Logic
Course Code: CACS1O5
Year/Semester: I/I
Class Load: 5 Hours/Week (Theory: 3 Hours, Practical: 2 Hours)
Credit: 3 Credits

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Course Description

The Digital Logic course offers a fundamental understanding of digital logic techniques that are the backbone of digital systems, including computers, embedded systems, and communication devices. This course will introduce students to various digital concepts such as number systems, Boolean algebra, logic gates, and combinational and sequential logic circuits, alongside their real-world applications. With a focus on hands-on learning through practical exercises, students will gain skills in circuit design and analysis, providing a solid foundation for further studies in computer engineering, electronics, and related fields.

Course Objectives

Upon successful completion of this course, students will:

1. Gain a solid understanding of number systems and their conversion.
2. Learn to simplify complex logic functions.
3. Develop the ability to design both combinational and sequential logic circuits.
4. Explore industrial applications of digital systems.
5. Study digital Integrated Circuit (IC) analysis and its applications.
6. Understand programmable memory systems.
7. Analyze real-world examples of how digital logic powers modern technology.

Course Contents

Unit 1: Introduction to Digital Logic (2 Hrs)

This unit introduces students to the basics of digital signals and systems:

• Digital Signals and Waveforms: Basic digital signals and their waveform representations.
• Digital Logic and Operations: Key digital operations and how they are applied in computing and electronics.
• Digital Computers and ICs: Overview of digital computers and the role of integrated circuits in digital logic systems.
• Clock Waveforms: Understanding the importance of clock signals in synchronized systems.

Unit 2: Number Systems (5 Hrs)

A foundational topic, this unit covers different number systems used in digital logic:

• Binary, Octal, & Hexadecimal Systems: Representation, conversion, and arithmetic operations on binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems.
• Representation of Signed Numbers: Methods for representing signed numbers, floating-point numbers, and their applications in computing.
• Binary Arithmetic: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in binary.
• Codes: Exploring BCD, ASCII, Excess 3, Gray Code, and error detection/correction codes.

Unit 3: Combinational Logic Design (16 Hrs)

This comprehensive unit focuses on combinational logic circuits and their design:

• Basic Logic Gates: NOT, OR, AND gates, and their truth tables.
• Universal Gates: NOR and NAND gates and their applications in constructing any logic circuit.
• XOR and XNOR Gates: Exploring exclusive OR and exclusive NOR gates.
• Boolean Algebra: Postulates, theorems, canonical forms, and simplification of logic functions.
• Simplification Techniques: Using Karnaugh maps to simplify Sum of Products (SOP) and Product of Sums (POS) expressions.
• Combinational Logic Design: Designing practical circuits like encoders, decoders, half and full adders, multiplexers, and de-multiplexers.
• Programmable Logic Devices: Understanding the principles of PROM, EPROM, PAL, and PLA.

Unit 4: Counters & Registers (16 Hrs)

This unit delves into sequential circuits and their applications in digital systems:

• Flip-Flops: RS, JK, JK Master-Slave, D, and T flip-flops. Understanding the differences between level triggering and edge triggering, along with excitation tables.
• Counters: Design and application of asynchronous and synchronous counters, including ripple counters, ring counters, modulus counters (e.g., modulus 10, 5, 7, and 11), and their state diagrams.
• Registers: Types of registers (serial in parallel out, parallel in serial out, etc.) and their applications in data storage and transfer.
• Applications of Counters: Practical uses of counters, such as in digital watches and frequency counters.

Unit 5: Sequential Logic Design (6 Hrs)

This unit introduces students to sequential logic, which forms the core of many digital systems:

• Basic Models of Sequential Machines: Exploring the concept of state and state diagrams.
• State Reduction: Methods to reduce states through partitioning and implementing synchronous sequential circuits.
• Use of Flip-Flops: Flip-flops in sequential logic design, including applications in counters and memory devices.

Practical Laboratory Work

The practical sessions focus on implementing the theoretical concepts learned during the lectures:

• Gates Implementation: Design and test basic gates using active and passive elements.
• Half and Full Adders: Design and simulate adder circuits.
• Multiplexers and Demultiplexers: Implement a 16:1 multiplexer and 1:16 demultiplexer.
• Digital Watch Design: Build a digital watch circuit using counters.
• Shift Registers: Design and simulate shift registers (serial and parallel types).

Teaching Methodology

The course will employ a variety of teaching methods to enhance student understanding, including:

• Lectures: Detailed explanations of theoretical concepts.
• Group Discussions: Collaborative learning and idea exchange.
• Case Studies: Real-world examples to contextualize learning.
• Guest Lectures: Insights from industry professionals.
• Practical Work: Hands-on experience to reinforce theoretical knowledge.
• Assignments and Exams: Regular assessments to monitor progress and comprehension.

Evaluation

The final grade will be based on the following:

• Internal Evaluation (40%):
  • Attendance and Participation: 5%
  • Presentation/Group Discussions: 5%
  • Practical/Assignments: 15%
  • Mid-term Exam: 15%
• Final Evaluation (60%):
  • Written Exam covering all units
  • Practical Examination (Implementation of Logic Circuits)
  • Problem-solving tasks and analytical questions related to the theory

Recommended Textbooks and References

• Textbooks:
  1. Floyd, Thomas L. Digital Fundamentals, PHI.
  2. Morris Mano. Digital Design, Prentice Hall of India.
  3. Tocci, Ronald J. Digital Systems: Principles & Applications, Prentice Hall of India.
• Reference Books:
  1. B. R. Gupta and V. Singhal. Digital Electronics, 4th Edition, S.K. Kataria & Sons, India.
  2. Fletcher, W. I. An Engineering Approach to Digital Design, Prentice Hall of India.
  3. Millman & Halkias. Integrated Electronics.
  4. V.K. Puri, Digital Electronics, TMH.

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By completing this course, students will be well-equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary for building, analyzing, and troubleshooting digital circuits, providing a strong foundation for further studies in computer science and engineering.