Background of Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It runs on every major platform and is used across web development, data science, AI, and more.

# Your very first Python program
print("Hello, World!")
print("Welcome to Python Programming!")

Hello, World!\nWelcome to Python Programming!

History of Python

Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. Python 3 is the present and future.

Features, Pros and Cons

• Interpreted & Dynamically typed
• Object-oriented & Extensive libraries
• Indentation-based syntax

x = 10          # int
x = "Hello"    # now a string

Python Fundamentals

age = 25; name = "Alice"; gpa = 3.85
print(f"{name} is {age}")

Python Operators

a,b = 15,4; print(a//b)  # floor division 3

Basic Structure

def main(): print("Structured")
if __name__ == "__main__": main()

Control Structure

if score >= 90: print("A")

Sequence Control

Statements execute top to bottom by default.

If Statements

age=20; status="Adult" if age>=18 else "Minor"

Match Statement

match day: case 1: print("Monday")

Loop Types

while n<3: print(n); n+=1

For Loop Examples

for i in range(5): print(i)

While Loop Examples

count = 0; while count < 3: print(count); count += 1

Lists & Types

nums = [1,2,3]; nums.append(4); print(nums)

String Functions

text = "  Hello  "; print(text.strip())

Functions & Types

def add(a,b): return a+b

Function Types

square = lambda x: x**2

Recursion

def fact(n): return 1 if n<=1 else n*fact(n-1)

Classes & Objects

class Student: def __init__(self,name): self.name=name

List of Objects

students = [Student("Alice"), Student("Bob")]

References & Memory

a = [1,2]; b = a; b.append(3); print(a) # [1,2,3]

File Handling

with open("data.txt","w") as f: f.write("Python")